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James W. Loewen (1942-2021)

We mourn the loss of our friend and colleague and remain committed to the work he began.

Combined Locks

Wisconsin

Basic Information

Type of Place
Independent City or Town
Metro Area
Politics c. 1860?
Don’t Know
Unions, Organized Labor?
Don’t Know

Sundown Town Status

Sundown Town in the Past?
Probable
Was there an ordinance?
Don't Know
Sign?
Don’t Know
Year of Greatest Interest
Still Sundown?
Don’t Know

Census Information

The available census data from 1860 to the present
Total White Black Asian Native Hispanic Other BHshld
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960 1421 0
1970 2734 0
1980 2573 0
1990 2190 1
2000 2422 4
2010
2020

Method of Exclusion

  • Unknown

Main Ethnic Group(s)

  • Unknown

Group(s) Excluded

  • Black

Comments

“Most Residents of Fox Cities Would Accept Negroes in Area.”

“Just over two-thirds of Fox Cities Residents express willingness to admit Negroes to employment here, and a majority indicate they would accept them as neighbors and social friends, a recent survey shows. But markedly fewer residents %u2014 only 15% %u2014 would admit them into their families by marriage.” Done by Lawrence U. students. 6.3% would allow Negroes into the U.S. “only as visitors” or would “exclude entirely.” That figure was higher (but <10%) for Puerto ricans, Mexicans, and Chinese, [reflecting that Negroes already are citizens]. 17% would not respond to the scale re blacks, while only 8% refused to respond re English. 52.5% of respondents would accept Negroes "in their clubs as friends." The survey "included the urban portions of all the cities, towns, and villages in the Fox Cities, extending from Neenah to Kaukauna," and "showed that Appleton is considerably more willing to accept minorities than areas outside of Appleton." [That implies that Neenah, Menasha, Kimberly, Little Chute, Combined Locks, and Kaukauna may also have been sundown towns.] "However, more Appleton people refused to answer the question." [Tom Richards, "Appleton Needs Negroes, Civil Rights Panelists Agree," Appleton Post-Crescent, 4/22/1964.]